Continuous renal replacement therapy: Principles, modalities, and prescription.

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Critical Care Medicine
• Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Management

Background:

• Severe acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients is associated with high mortality rates.
• Sepsis, septic shock, and multiorgan failure exacerbate the risk of death in AKI patients.
• Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is essential for managing severe AKI.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT).
• To discuss the physiologic principles, modalities, and requirements of CRRT.
• To outline indications and elements of adequate CRRT prescription.

Main Methods:

• This study is a narrative review.
• It synthesizes existing literature on CRRT in critical care.
• Focuses on principles, modalities, indications, and prescription.

Main Results:

• CRRT offers accurate volume control, acid-base and electrolyte correction, and hemodynamic stability in the ICU.
• It is the predominant form of dialysis for severe AKI.
• Adequate prescription is key to effective CRRT.

Conclusions:

• CRRT is a cornerstone therapy for severe AKI in critically ill patients.
• Understanding CRRT principles and prescription is vital for clinicians.
• CRRT improves management and potentially outcomes for AKI patients.