Noncoding RNAs in Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a severe orthopedic disease caused by the long-term administration of glucocorticoids. The main pathological feature of ONFH is the gradually progressive necrosis of bone cells and the bone marrow, ultimately resulting in structural changes or even complete collapse of the femoral head. However, the exact pathogenic mechanism of ONFH remains unknown. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as very powerful regulators of gene expression, functioning at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels in the pathogenesis of ONFH. Here, we review the current knowledge of the role of ncRNAs, including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, in the pathogenesis of steroid-induced ONFH. Further focus and validation of these associations can provide new insight into the pathogenic mechanisms at the molecular level to suggest targets for treatment and prevention.