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Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence: Choledochoscopic Stone Extraction and Primary Duct Suture
Published on: November 25, 2025
A pictorial review of gall stones and its associated complications
Darshan Gandhi1, Vijayanadh Ojili2, Pankaj Nepal1
1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine/St. Vincent's Medical Center, 2800 Main Street, Bridgeport, CT 06606, USA.
Insights
Gallstone disease diagnosis is enhanced by multimodality imaging. This review highlights imaging findings for timely management and surgical planning of gallstone complications.
Area of Science:
- Medical Imaging
- Gastroenterology
- Radiology
Background:
- Gallstone disease encompasses symptomatic gallstones and numerous potential complications.
- Complications include acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and malignancies, necessitating accurate diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of multimodality imaging in diagnosing gallstone disease.
- To illustrate classic imaging findings for gallstone complications.
Main Methods:
- Pictorial review of imaging findings.
- Multimodality imaging modalities were utilized.
Main Results:
- Classic imaging findings for gallstones and their complications are presented.
- Imaging aids in early diagnosis and management planning.
Conclusions:
- Multimodality imaging is crucial for diagnosing gallstone disease and its complications.
- Accurate imaging facilitates timely intervention and surgical planning.
Abstract:
Gallstone disease is the term commonly used to refer to gallstones that cause symptoms. There is a myriad of complications that can arise from gallstones: acute cholecystitis, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, emphysematous cholecystitis, gallbladder wall perforations, pericholecystic abscesses, Mirizzi syndrome, cholecystoenteric fistulas, choledocholithiasis, gallstone pancreatitis, porcelain gallbladder, gallbladder malignancies, and many more. The aim of this pictorial review is to revisit how multimodality imaging can help with the diagnosis of gallstone disease. We review the classic imaging findings on different imaging modalities for gallstone disease and its associated complications and how it is useful in early diagnosis for timely management of complications as well as surgical planning.
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