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Related Concept Videos

Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
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Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores02:26

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Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.
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Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem
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Innate immunological memory: from plants to animals.

Jessica Sharrock1, Joseph C Sun2

  • 1Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, United States.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|January 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This review explores immunological memory beyond adaptive lymphocytes. It summarizes evidence for innate immune memory in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, highlighting poorly understood mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Comparative Biology

Background:

  • Immunological memory, classically linked to adaptive lymphocytes (T and B cells), enables robust secondary responses to pathogens.
  • The innate immune system, traditionally viewed as non-specific and lacking memory, is increasingly recognized for its potential to form memory.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of immune memory formation across diverse species remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize the emerging evidence for immunological memory in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates.
  • To explore the concept of innate immune memory and its implications.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge regarding the mechanisms of immune memory formation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on immunological memory.
  • Comparative analysis of immune memory across different taxa (plants, invertebrates, vertebrates).
  • Synthesis of evidence supporting innate immune memory.

Main Results:

  • Growing evidence suggests that immunological memory is not exclusive to adaptive immunity.
  • Innate immune cells in various species exhibit forms of memory, influencing subsequent responses.
  • Mechanisms underlying innate immune memory are diverse and not yet fully elucidated across all studied groups.

Conclusions:

  • Immunological memory is a more widespread phenomenon than previously thought, extending to innate immunity.
  • Further research is crucial to unravel the molecular and cellular mechanisms of innate immune memory in diverse organisms.
  • Recognizing innate immune memory broadens our understanding of host defense strategies and evolutionary adaptations.