The role of artificial intelligence in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

Area of Science:

• Technology and Sustainable Development
• Artificial Intelligence Ethics
• Global Policy

Background:

• Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing across sectors, necessitating an evaluation of its impact on global sustainability objectives.
• The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a framework for global progress, but the integration of AI presents both opportunities and challenges.
• Existing research often overlooks critical aspects of AI's influence on sustainable development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the multifaceted impact of artificial intelligence on the achievement of all Sustainable Development Goals.
• To identify specific targets within the SDGs that can be enabled or inhibited by AI technologies.
• To highlight the need for regulatory frameworks to guide AI development for sustainable outcomes.

Main Methods:

• A consensus-based expert elicitation process was employed to gather insights from specialists.
• The study systematically analyzed the potential positive and negative effects of AI across all 17 SDGs.
• A review of current research foci was conducted to identify overlooked areas.

Main Results:

• Artificial intelligence has the potential to enable the accomplishment of 134 specific targets across the Sustainable Development Goals.
• Conversely, AI may also inhibit the achievement of 59 targets, indicating a dual impact.
• Current research trends in AI do not adequately address crucial aspects relevant to sustainable development.

Conclusions:

• AI presents a significant opportunity for advancing sustainable development but requires strategic management.
• The potential negative impacts of AI on development targets necessitate proactive mitigation strategies.
• Robust regulatory insight and oversight are crucial for ensuring AI technologies support, rather than hinder, the Sustainable Development Goals, addressing gaps in transparency, safety, and ethics.