Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Analyzing Ex Vivo Metabolic Flux in Splenic and Cardiac Macrophages and Bone Marrow Monocytes
Published on: March 28, 2025
BCG-induced trained immunity in macrophage: reprograming of glucose metabolism
Yuntong Liu1, Shu Liang1, Ru Ding1
1Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
Abstract:
Memory is no longer a privilege of adaptive immunity. Innate immune cells can exhibit a long-term immune activation after infection or vaccination, which is called "trained immunity." In addition to defense against mycobacterial infection, BCG-induced trained immunity can also exert nonspecific protection, which is regulated by metabolic rewiring and epigenetic reprograming. Enhanced glycolysis and glutamine-driven tricarboxylic acid cycle have been proven to be important metabolic pathways for trained immunity induced by BCG, which is dependent on Akt/mTOR pathway.
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