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Flower-like patterns in multi-species bacterial colonies.

Liyang Xiong1,2, Yuansheng Cao1, Robert Cooper2

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States.

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|January 15, 2020
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Summary

Bacterial colonies form striking flower-like patterns when motile and non-motile species interact. Non-motile bacteria hitchhike on motile ones, causing boundary instabilities and complex colony structures.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial colony dynamics
  • Pattern formation in biological systems

Background:

  • Interactions between bacterial species drive complex spatiotemporal dynamics.
  • These dynamics influence bacterial growth and survival within colonies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergence of complex structures in mixed bacterial colonies.
  • To elucidate the mechanism behind flower-like pattern formation in bacterial growth.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing mixtures of motile and non-motile bacteria on soft agar.
  • Utilizing time-lapse imaging to observe colony development.
  • Developing mathematical models, including a phase-field model, to simulate pattern formation.

Main Results:

  • Non-motile bacteria were observed hitchhiking on motile bacteria during outward migration.
  • Accumulation of non-motile bacteria at the colony boundary induced front instability.
  • Observed instabilities resulted in the formation of distinct flower-like patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the mechanism of front instability driven by bacterial interactions.
  • Mathematical models successfully reproduced the observed flower-like colony patterns.
  • Bacterial species interactions are critical in generating complex colony morphologies.