Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Reconstruct Human Retinoblastoma In Vitro
06:52

Reconstruct Human Retinoblastoma In Vitro

Published on: October 11, 2022

1.7K

Retinoblastoma Presentation and Survival: A four-year analysis from a tertiary care hospital

Nida Zia1, Ahmer Hamid2, Sundus Iftikhar3

  • 1Nida Zia, MCPS. Department of Peads Oncology, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences
|January 15, 2020
PubMed

Insights

This study on Retinoblastoma (Rb) in Pakistan found that delayed presentation and advanced disease significantly impact outcomes. Early recognition of warning signs is crucial for improving survival rates in pediatric cancer patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a common childhood eye cancer.
  • Understanding clinical presentation and treatment outcomes is vital for improving patient survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes of Retinoblastoma patients.
  • To identify factors influencing the progression and survival of pediatric Rb in Pakistan.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 93 Retinoblastoma patients treated at The Indus Hospital, Karachi (2013-2017).
  • Data collected included demographics, symptoms, tumor laterality and extent, treatment type, relapse, and survival.
  • Outcomes were evaluated based on disease progression and patient survival.

Main Results:

  • Leukocoria (61.3%) and proptosis (37.6%) were the most frequent symptoms.
  • Advanced disease at presentation was common: 43.5% extraocular tumors and 28.1% metastasis.
  • Treatments included enucleation (46.2%), chemotherapy (80.6%), and radiation therapy (29.3%).

Conclusions:

  • Delayed presentation, recurrent disease, and metastasis negatively impacted outcomes.
  • Increased awareness of early warning signs among the public and healthcare professionals is essential.
  • Timely diagnosis and management are critical to reduce Retinoblastoma morbidity and mortality.
Abstract

Keywords:
Clinical featuresOutcomePediatricRetinoblastoma

More Related Videos

Establishment and Propagation of Human Retinoblastoma Tumors in Immune Deficient Mice07:55

Establishment and Propagation of Human Retinoblastoma Tumors in Immune Deficient Mice

Published on: August 4, 2011

12.1K
Establishing Intracranial Brain Tumor Xenografts With Subsequent Analysis of Tumor Growth and Response to Therapy using Bioluminescence Imaging11:09

Establishing Intracranial Brain Tumor Xenografts With Subsequent Analysis of Tumor Growth and Response to Therapy using Bioluminescence Imaging

Published on: July 13, 2010

40.2K

Related Concept Videos

The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
4.6K
Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

Cancer Survival Analysis

Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
601
Actuarial Approach01:20

Actuarial Approach

The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
252
Introduction To Survival Analysis01:18

Introduction To Survival Analysis

Survival analysis is a statistical method used to study time-to-event data, where the "event" might represent outcomes like death, disease relapse, system failure, or recovery. A unique feature of survival data is censoring, which occurs when the event of interest has not been observed for some individuals during the study period. This requires specialized techniques to handle incomplete data effectively.
The primary goal of survival analysis is to estimate survival time—the time...
674