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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

2.8K
Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

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The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
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Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

4.3K
Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
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Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla

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The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Isolated left adrenal medullary hyperplasia.

Hiroaki Kawano1, Takao Ando2, Yohei Shida3

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.

Journal of Cardiology Cases
|January 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Unilateral adrenal medullary hyperplasia (AMH) can cause hypertension and is often missed by standard imaging. Early diagnosis with 123I-MIBG-SPECT enables effective surgical treatment.

Keywords:
CatecholamineHypertensionPathology

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Paroxysmal hypertension can be a symptom of underlying adrenal disorders.
  • Adrenal medullary hyperplasia (AMH) is a rare condition causing excess catecholamine production.
  • Differentiating AMH from pheochromocytoma is crucial for appropriate management.

Observation:

  • A 44-year-old man presented with paroxysmal hypertension and elevated catecholamines.
  • Standard imaging (CT, MRI) failed to identify a definite adrenal mass.
  • 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) SPECT showed specific uptake in the left adrenal gland.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with isolated unilateral adrenal medullary hyperplasia (AMH).
  • Adrenalectomy led to effective treatment of the patient's hypertension.
  • 123I-MIBG-SPECT proved valuable in diagnosing AMH when CT/MRI were inconclusive.

Implications:

  • Unilateral AMH is an important, albeit rare, cause of hypertension that mimics pheochromocytoma.
  • Surgical resection of unilateral AMH can resolve hypertension.
  • 123I-MIBG-SPECT is a key diagnostic tool for detecting unilateral AMH, especially when conventional imaging is negative.