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Related Experiment Videos

Birth weights in term infants. A 50-year perspective.

R Johar1, W Rayburn, D Weir

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska College of Medicine, Omaha.

The Journal of Reproductive Medicine
|October 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Despite improvements in prenatal care, average term infant birth weights have not changed over 50 years. However, the rate of macrosomic infants (over 4,000g) has significantly increased, impacting birth weight trends.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Historical trends in infant birth weight are crucial for understanding population health.
  • Changes in prenatal care practices may influence fetal growth and birth outcomes.
  • Longitudinal data analysis provides insights into demographic variations in birth weight.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in term infant birth weights over a 50-year period.
  • To investigate changes in the incidence of low birth weight and macrosomia.
  • To examine racial, sex, and parity-related differences in birth weight.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 42,185 live-born, singleton infant records.
  • Data collected from a university medical center between 1935 and 1985.

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  • Statistical analysis of mean birth weight, low birth weight (<2,500g), and macrosomia (>4,000g) frequencies.

    • Main Results:

    • Mean birth weight for term infants remained stable at 3,279g over 50 years.
    • Incidence of low birth weight infants (<2,500g) showed no significant change.
    • Percentage of macrosomic infants (>4,000g) increased from 3% to 14% in the last 15 years.
    • White infants were consistently heavier than black infants (avg. 179g difference).
    • Male infants were heavier than female infants (avg. 123g difference).
    • Multiparous deliveries resulted in heavier infants than primiparous deliveries (avg. 79g difference).

    Conclusions:

    • While average term infant birth weight has not changed, there's a notable rise in macrosomia.
    • Significant, consistent differences in birth weight exist based on race, sex, and parity.
    • These findings offer valuable insights for contemporary prenatal counseling and care strategies.