Vitamin D and pulmonary fibrosis: a review of molecular mechanisms

Pulmonary fibrosis is a serious interstitial disease characterized by initial diffuse alveolar inflammation, fibroblast proliferation, ECM accumulation, and the destruction of normal pulmonary tissues, whose etiology remains unknown and therapeutic options remain limited. The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency is increasing and has been linked to pulmonary fibrosis. In recent years, many studies focused on the mechanistic pathway of Vitamin D in the prevention of fibrosis. This review highlights the current evidence on the molecular mechanisms of Vitamin D in pulmonary fibrosis. We want to provide new clues to the clinical management of pulmonary fibrosis.