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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Molecular Rotors in Living Cells

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Molecular Rotors in Living Cells

Published on: February 9, 2012

Time-resolved microfluidic flow cytometer for decoding luminescence lifetimes in the microsecond region.

Yan Wang¹, Nima Sayyadi², Xianlin Zheng¹

¹ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia. yiqing.lu@mq.edu.au and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.

|January 15, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel time-resolved microfluidic flow cytometer (tr-mFCM) for ultrasensitive bioanalysis. The device accurately measures luminescence lifetimes, enabling multiplexed cancer cell detection even in resource-limited settings.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Molecular Rotors in Living Cells

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Published on: February 9, 2012

Fluorescence detection methods for microfluidic droplet platforms

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Published on: December 10, 2011

Luminescence Lifetime Imaging of O2 with a Frequency-Domain-Based Camera System

Luminescence Lifetime Imaging of O2 with a Frequency-Domain-Based Camera System

Published on: December 16, 2019

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Analytical Chemistry
Biophysics

Background:

Long-lived probes offer potential for ultrasensitive bioanalysis but pose challenges for traditional flow cytometry.
Short detection windows in conventional flow cytometry hinder accurate luminescence lifetime measurements.
Autofluorescence interference complicates sensitive detection in complex biological samples.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a time-resolved microfluidic flow cytometer (tr-mFCM) capable of accurate luminescence lifetime measurements.
To overcome the limitations of short detection windows in flow cytometry for analyzing long-lived probes.
To enable ultrasensitive and multiplexed detection of biological targets, including cancer cells.

Main Methods:

Integration of an acoustic-focusing chip into a microfluidic flow cytometer to slow sample flow.
Optimization of flow velocity and detection aperture for multi-cycle luminescence decay profiling.
Development of a custom fitting algorithm for analyzing luminescence decay data.
Utilizing europium-stained probes for cellular analysis.

Main Results:

Achieved accurate luminescence lifetime measurements free of autofluorescence interference.
Demonstrated near 100% counting efficiency for polymer microspheres and leukemia cells.
Obtained low lifetime coefficients of variation (CVs) around 2-6%.
Successfully performed lifetime-multiplexed detection of prostate and bladder cancer cells.

Conclusions:

The acoustic-focusing tr-mFCM provides a practical method for ultrasensitive and multiplexed bioanalysis.
This technology enables rapid screening of biofluidic samples with multiple cell types.
The tr-mFCM is particularly suitable for resource-limited environments and point-of-care applications.