Small vessel leg angiography for distal vessel bypass grafts

To improve visualization of the small vessels for distal bypass grafting, arteriograms of the lower extremity were obtained in 187 patients by use of active warming of the extremities, selective distal positioning of the catheter for contrast agent injections, and intraarterial administration of tolazoline. With these techniques, satisfactory visualization was obtained for planning of operation, and in only one patient was an intraoperative arteriogram necessary before bypass grafts were placed.