The Effects of Lactose Induction on a Plasmid-Free E. coli T7 Expression System

Recombinant production of pharmaceutical proteins like antigen binding fragments (Fabs) in the commonly-used production host Escherichia coli presents several challenges. The predominantly-used plasmid-based expression systems exhibit the drawback of either excessive plasmid amplification or plasmid loss over prolonged cultivations. To improve production, efforts are made to establish plasmid-free expression, ensuring more stable process conditions. Another strategy to stabilize production processes is lactose induction, leading to increased soluble product formation and cell fitness, as shown in several studies performed with plasmid-based expression systems. Within this study we wanted to investigate lactose induction for a strain with a genome-integrated gene of interest for the first time. We found unusually high specific lactose uptake rates, which we could attribute to the low levels of lac-repressor protein that is usually encoded not only on the genome but additionally on pET plasmids. We further show that these unusually high lactose uptake rates are toxic to the cells, leading to increased cell leakiness and lysis. Finally, we demonstrate that in contrast to plasmid-based T7 expression systems, IPTG induction is beneficial for genome-integrated T7 expression systems concerning cell fitness and productivity.