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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

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Research Progress on Polymer Solar Cells Based on PEDOT:PSS Electrodes.

Lin Hu¹, Jiaxing Song¹, Xinxing Yin¹

¹China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (IAMM), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.

|January 16, 2020

Summary

Solution-processed polymer solar cells (PSCs) offer low cost and flexibility. This review highlights poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a key flexible electrode material for high-performance PSCs.

Keywords:

PEDOT:PSS electrical conductivity flexible electrodes polymer solar cells

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Last Updated: Dec 31, 2025

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Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Published on: January 10, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy Technologies

Background:

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) are gaining attention for their low cost, flexibility, and solution processability.
Recent advancements have improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) in single-junction PSCs to over 17%.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the development and application of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a flexible electrode material for high-performance PSCs.
To discuss the properties of PEDOT:PSS, including conductivity, transmittance, and work function, and their impact on device performance.

Main Methods:

Literature review of research on PEDOT:PSS for electrodes in PSCs and perovskite solar cells.
Analysis of factors influencing electrode performance, such as conductivity, transmittance, work function, film preparation, and device fabrication.

Main Results:

PEDOT:PSS is a promising flexible electrode material for PSCs, offering high conductivity (>4000 S/cm), excellent transmittance (>90%), and high work function (>5.0 eV).
Single-junction PSCs utilizing PEDOT:PSS electrodes have achieved PCEs over 12%.

Conclusions:

PEDOT:PSS is a viable and effective material for flexible electrodes in high-performance PSCs.
Further research into conductivity, transmittance, work-function tuning, and fabrication methods is crucial for future advancements.