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Related Concept Videos

Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
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Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
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Drug Regulation01:25

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Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Assessment of Chemical Toxicity in Adult Drosophila Melanogaster
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Protecting Children from Toxic Waste: Data-Usability Evaluation Can Deter Flawed Cleanup.

K S Shrader-Frechette1, A M Biondo2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, 100 Malloy Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|January 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Toxic-waste sites pose risks to children. If site assessments fail data usability evaluation (DUE), cleanups and public health may be compromised, especially for children.

Keywords:
CaliforniaNinyo and MoorePasadenaTrammell Crowchildrendata-usability evaluation (DUE)environmental justiceperchloroethylene (PCE)remediationtoxic wastetrichloroethylene (TCE)

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Nearly 25% of US children reside near toxic-waste sites.
  • Children face elevated cancer risks due to genotoxic carcinogens in hazardous waste.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that failed data usability evaluations (DUE) in site-remediation assessments compromise cleanups and public health, particularly for children.
  • To improve toxic-remediation strategies and protect public health.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a focused data usability evaluation (DUE) for an unremediated toxic site in Pasadena, California.
  • Identified data gaps by comparing site data with the conceptual site model (CSM).
  • Assessed determinate bias to determine if reported risks were underestimated.

Main Results:

  • Major data gaps were found in the CSM, especially concerning risks to children at the Pasadena site.
  • Determinate bias indicated an underestimation of toxic risks.
  • The remediation appears to be inadequate due to flawed assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Flawed site-remediation assessments can lead to inadequate cleanups and health threats, particularly to children.
  • Routine, independent DUEs could prevent inadequate assessments and protect public health.
  • Findings suggest a need for improved oversight in toxic-waste site management.