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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Learning01:21

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
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Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
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Effective problem-solving consists of two steps: 1. identifying the problem and 2. selecting the appropriate problem-solving strategy (i.e., a plan of action used to find a solution). Humans use four problem-solving strategies:
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Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

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During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
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Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development01:14

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Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device ALDM Test Systems
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Primate cognition: Comparing problems and skills.

R W Byrne1

  • 1Scottish Primate Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland.

American Journal of Primatology
|January 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primate intelligence evolved due to social or environmental complexity. Great apes show deeper understanding than monkeys, supporting social origins for shared traits but not unique ape cognition.

Keywords:
brain sizecognitioncomplexityevolutionintelligenceprimates

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Area of Science:

  • Primate cognition
  • Evolutionary psychology
  • Comparative cognition

Background:

  • Primate intelligence is thought to have evolved in response to social or environmental complexity.
  • Debates exist on whether social or environmental factors were the primary drivers of increased primate intelligence.
  • Observed behaviors and problem-solving sophistication are used to assess cognitive differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current findings on primate cognition and its evolutionary drivers.
  • To compare cognitive abilities in haplorhine primates, strepsirhines, monkeys, and great apes.
  • To explore a framework for comparing social and technical problem-solving in primates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent findings on primate cognitive differences.
  • Analysis of naturally posed problems in social and foraging contexts.
  • Exploration of an artificial intelligence-derived notation for representing complex behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Haplorhine primates exhibit sensitivity to social distinctions, linked to complex social behavior and larger neocortex compared to strepsirhines.
  • Great apes demonstrate a deeper understanding of both social and nonsocial complexities than monkeys.
  • The enhanced representational understanding in great apes is not directly correlated with increased social manipulation or neocortical size compared to monkeys.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence supports a social origin for cognitive aspects shared by monkeys and apes.
  • Unique cognitive differences in great apes may not stem from the same social drivers.
  • Comparing task complexity and behavioral skills across domains remains challenging, necessitating new comparative frameworks.