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Physicians' brain drain - a gravity model of migration flows.

Alina Botezat1, Raul Ramos2

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|January 16, 2020
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Summary

Medical doctor migration is driven by destination country factors like low unemployment, good pay, and advanced medical technology. Regional differences exist, with African doctors seeking higher wages and lower competition, while Asian doctors prioritize education systems.

Keywords:
Brain drainGravity modelMedical doctorsPull factors

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Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Medical Workforce Studies
  • International Migration

Background:

  • Global migration of medical doctors has significantly increased over the past two decades.
  • The medical profession is highly mobile, especially in Europe, exacerbating labor shortages.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding physician destination choices and migration drivers from specific regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors attracting foreign physicians to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.
  • To analyze the impact of economic conditions and healthcare infrastructure on physician migration patterns.
  • To explore regional variations in the determinants of medical doctor migration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) health worker migration dataset (2000-2016).
  • Employed a gravity model to examine migration flows.
  • Applied the Pseudo-Poisson Maximum Likelihood estimator for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Key drivers for physician brain drain include lower unemployment, higher physician remuneration, aging populations, and advanced medical technology in destination countries.
  • Physicians from African nations are attracted by higher wages and lower doctor density.
  • Demand for healthcare services and medical technology influences migration from Central/Eastern Europe, while Asian doctors favor countries with superior school systems.

Conclusions:

  • OECD countries attract foreign doctors through factors such as low unemployment, good physician pay, aging populations, and robust medical infrastructure.
  • Heterogeneity in origin countries significantly influences the utility derived from migration.
  • Destination country characteristics play a crucial role in shaping international medical doctor migration patterns.