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Pollinator specialization increases with a decrease in a mass-flowering plant in networks inferred from DNA

André Pornon1, Sandra Baksay1, Nathalie Escaravage1

  • 1Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique UMR 5174 CNRS IRD Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Native mass-flowering plants influence insect specialization and pollination networks. Even generalist species show individual specialization, with rare plants benefiting from interactions in diverse densities of Rhododendron ferrugineum.

Keywords:
DNA metabarcodingfood niche breadthindividual pollination networkmass‐flowering speciespollinator generalizationpollinator specializationspecies pollination networks

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Pollination Biology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • The impact of native mass-flowering plants on insect specialization and pollination networks is understudied compared to crops or alien species.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for native plant conservation and ecosystem functioning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the native mass-flowering shrub Rhododendron ferrugineum affects pollinator food niches and pollination network structure.
  • To assess pollinator specialization at individual and species levels across varying densities of R. ferrugineum.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized DNA metabarcoding data from pollen loads of 402 flower-visiting insects.
  • Analyzed food niches and network structures in subalpine heathland patches with contrasting R. ferrugineum densities.
  • Compared network indices based on link occurrence and link strength.

Main Results:

  • R. ferrugineum was underrepresented in high-density patches, not dominating generalized networks.
  • Pollinator specialization (individual and species) increased as R. ferrugineum density decreased.
  • Generalist dipteran Empididae and specialist Apidea showed specialization towards rare plant species in specific density conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Native mass-flowering plants can lead to paradoxical generalization at the network level but specialization at the individual level.
  • Functional complementarity exists within pollination networks, with generalist species exhibiting individual-level specialization.
  • Rare plant species can be effectively pollinated even when co-occurring with abundant native mass-flowering plants.