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Related Concept Videos

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
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Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model

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Quadruple negative breast cancer.

Meiling Huang1, Jiang Wu1, Rui Ling2

  • 1Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.

Breast Cancer (Tokyo, Japan)
|January 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Quadruple negative breast cancer (QNBC) lacks key receptors, leading to poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Research is exploring unique QNBC proteins for targeted therapy development.

Keywords:
BiomarkersClinical featuresQuadruple negative breast cancer (QNBC)

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Quadruple negative breast cancer (QNBC) is defined by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2, and androgen receptor (AR).
  • QNBC presents the worst prognosis among breast cancer subtypes, with poorly understood molecular characteristics.
  • This subtype is resistant to conventional chemotherapy and lacks established therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the distinct molecular features of QNBC.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for QNBC treatment.
  • To explore novel therapeutic strategies for this aggressive breast cancer subtype.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on QNBC.
  • Analysis of molecular markers and protein expression in QNBC.
  • Identification of unique proteins and pathways associated with QNBC.

Main Results:

  • QNBC exhibits unique protein expression profiles distinct from other breast cancer types.
  • Several proteins, including ACSL4, SKP2, EGFR, and Engrailed 1, show potential as therapeutic targets.
  • MicroRNA signatures and immune checkpoint inhibitors are also highlighted as promising avenues.

Conclusions:

  • QNBC requires novel therapeutic approaches due to its aggressive nature and resistance to standard treatments.
  • Targeting unique QNBC proteins offers a promising strategy for developing effective therapies.
  • Further research into these targets could significantly improve outcomes for QNBC patients.