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Related Concept Videos

Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

4.0K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Combining X-Ray Crystallography with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering to Model Unstructured Regions of Nsa1 from S. Cerevisiae
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Combining X-Ray Crystallography with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering to Model Unstructured Regions of Nsa1 from S. Cerevisiae

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Unravelling Ribosome Function Through Structural Studies.

Abid Javed1, Elena V Orlova2

  • 1Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|January 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ribosome structure and function are revealed through advanced techniques. Understanding these biological machines at different states helps regulate protein synthesis and cellular processes.

Keywords:
FunctionNascent chainRibosomeStructureX-raycryoEM

More Related Videos

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses
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Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

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Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution
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Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Combining X-Ray Crystallography with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering to Model Unstructured Regions of Nsa1 from S. Cerevisiae
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Combining X-Ray Crystallography with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering to Model Unstructured Regions of Nsa1 from S. Cerevisiae

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Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses
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Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

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Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution
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Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Ribosomes are essential cellular nanomachines responsible for protein synthesis.
  • Decades of research were required to elucidate ribosome architecture and function.
  • Understanding the structure-function relationship necessitates diverse biochemical, biophysical, and structural techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of ribosomal structures.
  • To illustrate how structural biology advances our understanding of ribosome function.
  • To highlight the role of structural snapshots in comprehending ribosome regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing various biochemical, biophysical, and structural techniques.
  • Employing mutagenesis studies on ribosomal complexes.
  • Leveraging advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) for high-resolution imaging and analysis.

Main Results:

  • Numerous ribosomal structures from prokaryotes to eukaryotes have been published.
  • Structural data confirm biochemical studies on protein synthesis steps (initiation, elongation, termination, recycling).
  • Cryo-EM advancements have significantly improved the revelation of ribosomal structural details.

Conclusions:

  • A growing library of ribosome structures enhances our understanding of this nanomachine's complex mechanics.
  • Structural insights are crucial for understanding how ribosome function is regulated, including stalling, activation, or disabling.
  • Further structural determination of complexes is needed to address emerging questions in ribosome biology.