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Spot Variation Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy for Analysis of Molecular Diffusion at the Plasma Membrane of Living Cells

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Quantitative Analysis of Membrane Surface and Small Confinement Effects on Molecular Diffusion.

Chiho Watanabe¹, Yuta Kobori^1,2, Johtaro Yamamoto³

¹Komaba Institute for Science , The University of Tokyo , Komaba 3-8-1 , Meguro , Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B

|January 16, 2020

Summary

Molecular behaviors in small droplets differ from bulk solutions due to size effects. This study quantifies these effects, finding they stem from surface interactions amplified by smaller volumes, crucial for artificial cells and micrometer-sized materials.

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Area of Science:

Physical chemistry
Biophysics
Materials science

Background:

Molecular behaviors in picoliter-scale droplets are vital for industrial applications and artificial cells.
These behaviors often differ from bulk solutions (milliliter scale) due to the 'size effect'.
The origins of the size effect (small volume vs. membrane surface) remain poorly quantified.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and utilize systems for evaluating the size effect in small liquid droplets.
To separate and quantify the contributions of small volume and membrane surface to the size effect.
To understand the biophysical basis of molecular behaviors in confined environments.

Main Methods:

Development of novel evaluation systems for small liquid droplets.
Quantitative analysis of molecular diffusion in concentrated polymer solutions within droplets.
Separation of size effect contributions into volume and surface components.

Main Results:

The size effect on molecular diffusion in droplets originates from long-range surface interactions.
This surface interaction is significantly enhanced as droplet volume decreases.
A quantitative understanding of the size effect was achieved by separating volume and surface contributions.

Conclusions:

The study provides a quantitative understanding of the size effect in small liquid droplets.
Findings offer novel insights into molecular behaviors in cellular environments and micrometer-sized materials.
The developed systems enable better regulation and design of micro-scale systems.