Comparative evaluation of demineralized bone matrix and type II collagen membrane versus eggshell powder as a graft...

The regeneration of supportive periodontal tissues after destructive periodontal disease has become one of the primary objectives of periodontal therapy. Demineralized bone matrix (Osseograft), when used, has shown osteoinductive potential and collagen membrane (GTR) prevents the migration of epithelium into it. The literature showed that eggshell which consists of hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate shows osteoconductive as well as inductive properties. Eggshell membrane which is made of type X collagen matrix can be used as a barrier membrane. Hence, the aim of the study was to compare the demineralized bone matrix with GTR membrane to eggshell constituents and its membrane as a regenerative material in Wistar rats.

A critical size periodontal defect of 1.5 × 6 mm was created on either side adjacent to mandibular incisors after raising the full thickness flap. Osseograft and collagen membrane covered the defect on one side and the eggshell components and its membrane filled the defects. The animals were sacrificed on the 45^th day.

Histological evaluation showed intensive new bone formation on both sides of the defect. Inflammation has resolved completely with no signs of eosinophils. Complete defect healing was noted in both the defects. A minimal amount of epithelial entrapment was noted in both the sites. There was no significant difference observed between the comparisons. More connective tissue was found in the test group.

Within the limits, it can be concluded that eggshell powder along with membrane can be used as a potential graft material.