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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Multidirectional Triple-Shape-Memory Polymer by Tunable Cross-linking and Crystallization.

Ming Tian1,2,3, Weisheng Gao1, Jing Hu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new multidirectional triple-shape-memory polymer using trans-polyisoprene (TPI) and paraffin. This material offers tunable shape recovery at body temperature, ideal for advanced medical fixing applications.

Keywords:
crystallizationmedical fixingmultidirectional triple-shape-memoryparaffintrans-polyisoprene (TPI)

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Shape-memory polymers are crucial for medical fixation due to their ability to conform to the body and detach easily.
  • Developing multidirectional triple-shape-memory polymers is essential for advanced medical applications requiring independent control over fixing and detachment.
  • Existing materials often lack the flexibility for multidirectional recovery or require complex preparation methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel multidirectional triple-shape-memory polymers with tunable properties for medical fixation.
  • To investigate the relationship between material composition, cross-linking density, and shape-memory behavior.
  • To create a facile and cost-effective method for producing shape-memory materials recoverable at human body temperature.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of polymer materials by melt blending and compression molding of trans-polyisoprene (TPI) and paraffin.
  • Vulcanization of TPI to control cross-linking density.
  • Characterization using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis.

Main Results:

  • The TPI/paraffin materials exhibited triple-shape-memory behavior due to the distinct thermal properties of TPI and paraffin.
  • Shape-memory behavior was tunable by adjusting TPI cross-linking density and the crystallization degree of TPI or paraffin.
  • Materials demonstrated facile preparation, recovery at human body temperature (37 °C), and flexible multidirectional recovery.

Conclusions:

  • The developed TPI/paraffin polymer exhibits unique multidirectional and reprogramable shape-memory properties.
  • The material's ability to recover at body temperature and its facile preparation make it highly suitable for medical fixation.
  • These findings open new avenues for advanced medical devices and materials requiring complex shape manipulation.