Chapter 5: Microelements: Part II: F, Al, Mo and Co

Area of Science:

• Nutritional Science
• Oral Health Research
• Trace Element Metabolism

Background:

• Ultratrace elements are defined by minute dietary requirements (µg/day).
• Focus on fluorine (F), aluminium (Al), molybdenum (Mo), and cobalt (Co).
• Fluorine intake primarily from dental products; Al, Mo, Co mainly from diet.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of ultratrace elements in oral health, especially dental caries.
• To establish the significance of fluorine (F) in dental health.
• To explore the potential impact of aluminium (Al), molybdenum (Mo), and cobalt (Co) on oral health.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of ultratrace elements and their impact on oral health.
• Analysis of fluorine's role in tooth development and enamel resistance.
• Examination of epidemiological and laboratory data for Al, Mo, and Co effects.

Main Results:

• Systemic and topical fluorine significantly improve resistance to acid demineralization and reduce dental caries.
• Adequate fluorine intake is estimated at 0.05 mg/kg/day to prevent caries and fluorosis.
• Some studies suggest an inverse relationship between aluminium levels and dental caries incidence.

Conclusions:

• Fluorine is a key ultratrace element for preventing dental caries in all age groups.
• The oral health benefits of aluminium, molybdenum, and cobalt are not well-established at physiological concentrations.
• Further research is needed to fully understand the role of ultratrace elements beyond fluorine in oral health.