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Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
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Information-Limiting Correlations in Large Neural Populations.

Ramon Bartolo1, Richard C Saunders1, Andrew R Mitz1

  • 1Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|January 17, 2020
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Small noise correlations limit neural information coding in large brain populations. This study found that even minor correlations significantly impact how prefrontal cortex neurons encode information, challenging previous assumptions.

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Information saturationneural codingnoise correlationspopulation codingprefrontal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding the neural code necessitates examining how neuronal populations encode information.
  • Theoretical models suggest correlated noise in large neural populations may limit information processing.
  • Previous analyses of small neuronal ensembles (<100 neurons) have not detected information-limiting correlations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence of information-limiting noise correlations in large neural populations.
  • To determine if small correlations impact information coding in the prefrontal cortex (PFC).

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous recording of over 500 neurons from the PFC (area 46) of two macaque monkeys using eight Utah arrays.
  • Estimation of information related to saccades as a function of neuronal ensemble size.
  • Comparison of information coding with and without noise correlations (by shuffling trials).

Main Results:

  • Noise correlations were found to be small (approximately 10^-3) on average.
  • Information coding scaled sublinearly with increasing ensemble size, indicating saturation.
  • Shuffling trials to eliminate noise correlations resulted in a linear scaling of information with ensemble size.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides strong evidence for the existence of information-limiting noise correlations in large PFC neuronal populations.
  • Despite small pairwise correlations, they significantly affect information coding in populations of hundreds of neurons.
  • This finding supports theoretical predictions that even subtle correlations can limit information transmission in complex neural systems.