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Single-Locus-Sequence-Based Typing of the mgpB Gene Reveals Transmission Dynamics in Mycoplasma genitalium
Miguel Fernández-Huerta1, Judit Serra-Pladevall2, Juliana Esperalba2
1Microbiology Department, Vall d´Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain miguelferhuer@gmail.com.
Abstract:
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by Mycoplasma genitalium are a major problem worldwide, especially given their marked and rapid propensity for developing antimicrobial resistance. Since very few treatment options exist, clinicians face an important challenge in the management of the infection. In this scenario, little is known regarding the transmission dynamics of M. genitalium and the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance. This mgpB-based molecular typing study, conducted among 54 asymptomatically infected individuals prospectively recruited from an STI screening service, reveals two distinct epidemiological clusters that significantly correlate with sexual conduct in heterosexuals and men who have sex with men (MSM), respectively. This well-defined structuration suggests the presence of two independent sexual networks with little connectivity between them. On the other hand, the study demonstrates the multiclonal feature of the emergence of antibiotic resistance in M. genitalium to both macrolides and fluoroquinolones. The high prevalence of macrolide resistance in M. genitalium among MSM, influenced by dense network connectivity and strong antibiotic selective pressure, may correspond to allodemics affecting other STIs such as gonorrhea, syphilis and enteric pathogens. Collaterally, the structural and functional impact of mutations in the mgpB gene, encoding the major adhesin P140 (MgpB), may require further investigation.
Insights
Mycoplasma genitalium infections are a global challenge due to rapid antimicrobial resistance. This study identified distinct sexual networks and revealed that antibiotic resistance emerges multiclonal, particularly in men who have sex with men (MSM).
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Epidemiology
- Genetics
Background:
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by Mycoplasma genitalium present significant global health challenges.
- The rapid development of antimicrobial resistance in M. genitalium limits available treatment options.
- Understanding transmission dynamics and resistance epidemiology is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the transmission networks of Mycoplasma genitalium.
- To explore the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in M. genitalium.
- To analyze the correlation between sexual behavior and infection clusters.
Main Methods:
- A molecular typing study using the mgpB gene was conducted.
- 54 asymptomatically infected individuals were recruited from an STI screening service.
- Analysis focused on epidemiological clusters and sexual conduct.
Main Results:
- Two distinct epidemiological clusters were identified, correlating with heterosexual and men who have sex with men (MSM) sexual networks.
- The emergence of antibiotic resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones was found to be multiclonal.
- High macrolide resistance prevalence in MSM was linked to network connectivity and antibiotic pressure, potentially indicating allodemics.
Conclusions:
- Mycoplasma genitalium transmission occurs within largely independent sexual networks.
- Multiclonal emergence of antibiotic resistance is a significant concern.
- The findings highlight the need for further research into M. genitalium resistance mechanisms and network-specific interventions.
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