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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.3K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting
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Archimedean lattices emerge in template-directed eutectic solidification.

Ashish A Kulkarni1,2,3, Erik Hanson4, Runyu Zhang1,2,3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.

Nature
|January 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Template-directed assembly created novel eutectic mesostructures, including trefoil and hexafoil patterns, by controlling solidification rates within pillar templates. These ordered microstructures have potential applications in advanced materials and technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Template-directed assembly produces highly ordered mesostructures with unique symmetries.
  • Eutectic materials are crucial for technologies like turbine blades and solder alloys but haven't been templated.
  • Existing templating methods lack application to eutectic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply template-directed assembly to eutectic materials.
  • To investigate the microstructural outcomes of templating eutectic AgCl-KCl.
  • To explore the potential of resulting mesostructures in advanced applications.

Main Methods:

  • Directional solidification of AgCl-KCl eutectic within a pillar template.
  • Varying solidification rates to control microstructure formation.
  • Utilizing phase-field simulations to understand diffusion constraints.
  • Employing monolayer colloidal crystals as alternative templates.

Main Results:

  • Emergence of novel microstructures distinct from native lamellar and template hexagonal structures.
  • Realization of trefoil, quatrefoil, cinquefoil, and hexafoil mesostructures with sub-micrometer features.
  • Phase-field simulations confirm template constraints on diffusion drive mesostructure formation.
  • Observation of similar mesostructures using colloidal crystal templates, including kagome-like patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Template-directed assembly successfully generates diverse eutectic mesostructures.
  • The hexagonal pillar template and solidification rate are key in forming complex patterns.
  • Templated eutectics offer promising avenues for metasurfaces, spin-ice systems, and enhanced mechanical lattices.