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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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The Functions of the Skeletal System01:22

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The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy
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Osteosarcopenia: A case of geroscience.

Ben Kirk1,2, Ahmed Al Saedi1,2, Gustavo Duque1,2

  • 1Department of Medicine Western Health Melbourne Medical School University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic. Australia.

Aging Medicine (Milton (N.S.W))
|January 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Osteosarcopenia, the simultaneous occurrence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, significantly impacts older adults. Current research explores geroscience approaches and interventions like exercise and nutrition to combat this aging syndrome.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Geroscience
  • Geriatric Syndromes
  • Musculoskeletal Aging

Background:

  • Older adults frequently experience multiple simultaneous diseases, leading to loss of mobility and independence.
  • Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are prevalent chronic diseases in older individuals, sharing common risk factors and pathogenesis.
  • Osteosarcopenia, the concurrent presence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, is a geriatric syndrome increasing frailty, hospitalization, and mortality risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore osteosarcopenia as a geroscience-based syndrome.
  • To identify factors contributing to muscle and bone homeostasis disruption in osteosarcopenia.
  • To review current understanding and future directions for diagnosing and treating osteosarcopenia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of basic and clinical science findings on osteosarcopenia.
  • Analysis of genetic, endocrine, mechanical, nutritional, and lifestyle factors.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Osteosarcopenia is characterized by disruptions in muscle and bone homeostasis due to various stimuli and deficiencies.
  • Effective diagnostic markers and dual-action treatments for osteosarcopenia are still under development.
  • Resistance exercise, adequate protein, vitamin D, calcium, and creatine show promise for preserving muscle and bone mass.

Conclusions:

  • Osteosarcopenia represents a significant challenge in aging populations, highlighting the need for geroscience-informed strategies.
  • Further research is required for accurate diagnostics and treatments targeting both muscle and bone.
  • Emerging research suggests targeting ectopic fat in muscle and bone marrow as a potential therapeutic avenue, pending human trials.