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Updated: Dec 30, 2025

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Investigating Variation of the Pnicogen Nucleophilic Heteroatom on Ionic Liquid Solvent Effects in Bimolecular
Karin S Schaffarczyk McHale1, Ronald S Haines1, Jason B Harper1
1School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Abstract:
A series of nucleophiles containing Group 15 nucleophilic heteroatoms has been used to expand and develop the current understanding of ionic liquid solvent effects on bimolecular nucleophilic substitution processes. It was found that when using arsenic-, antimony- and bismuth-based nucleophiles, rate constant enhancement was observed for all solvent compositions containing ionic liquids. This rate constant enhancement was driven by ionic liquid/transition state interactions, which contrasts with previous studies on earlier Group 15 nucleophiles. This study provides a holistic understanding and augments the predictive framework for the effects of ionic liquids on bimolecular nucleophilic substitution processes, with the potential for these periodic trends to be broadly applied.
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