Preliminary study on fine structures of subcortical nuclei in rhesus monkeys by ex vivo 9.4 T MRI

Changes in fine structures of the brain over a life span can have robust effects on neural activity and brain function, which both play crucial roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Clinically, however, low-resolution MRI only provides limited information about fine brain structures. Here, using high-resolution 9.4 T MRI, we established a set of structural images and explored the fine structures of the claustrum, hippocampus, amygdala complex, and subregions of the amygdala complex (BLA, including lateral, basal, and accessory basal subnuclei) in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) brains. Based on these high-resolution images, we were able to discriminate the subregional boundaries accurately and, at the same time, obtain the volume of each brain nuclei. Thus, advanced high-resolution 9.4 T MRI not only provides a new strategy for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, but also provides the ability to observe fine structural changes in the brain across a life span.