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Wearable, Fiber-less, Multi-Channel System for Continuous Wave Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Based on Silicon

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    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |January 18, 2020
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    A new wearable brain imaging system uses silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for advanced functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). This fiber-less device offers enhanced signal detection for brain activity monitoring.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Neuroscience
    • Optical Imaging

    Background:

    • Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique.
    • Wearable fNIRS systems offer portability but face challenges in signal quality and flexibility.
    • Traditional systems often rely on optical fibers, limiting direct scalp contact and robustness.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a novel wearable Continuous Wave (CW) fNIRS system.
    • To leverage silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for improved light detection and system design.
    • To enhance signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and reduce motion artifacts in wearable fNIRS.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a multi-channel (256 channels), fiber-less, wearable CW-fNIRS system utilizing SiPMs.
    • Implementation of a digital lock-in technique with modulated LEDs and SiPM signal processing.
    • In-vivo validation of the system for detecting functional brain activity.

    Main Results:

    • The developed fNIRS system is wearable, expandable, and uses inexpensive SiPMs for light detection.
    • SiPMs allow direct scalp contact, eliminating optical fibers and increasing system flexibility.
    • The system demonstrated robust detection of functional brain activity in sensorimotor cortices during in-vivo validation.
    • The high sensitivity and dynamic range of SiPMs enable effective brain hemodynamics estimation.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel SiPM-based CW-fNIRS system offers a flexible, robust, and sensitive platform for brain imaging.
    • This technology advances wearable neuroimaging by overcoming limitations of previous systems.
    • The system shows promise for accurate monitoring of functional brain activity in various settings.