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Related Concept Videos

The Endoplasmic Reticulum01:43

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

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The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...
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Endoplasmic Reticulum01:39

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The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells is a substantial network of interconnected membranes with diverse functions, from calcium storage to biomolecule synthesis. A primary component of the endomembrane system, the ER manufactures phospholipids critical for membrane function throughout the cell. Additionally, the two distinct regions of the ER specialize in the manufacture of specific lipids and proteins.
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Golgi Apparatus01:49

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As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are transported by microtubule-based motor proteins and fuse together to form vesicular tubular clusters, subsequently arriving at the Golgi apparatus, a eukaryotic endomembrane organelle that often has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance.
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum01:21

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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the tubule morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The ER provides optimal conditions for synthesizing steroid hormones and lipids, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Traditionally, lipid metabolism was considered to be a smooth ER function. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that rough ER is completely excluded from lipid...
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Creating a Structurally Realistic Finite Element Geometric Model of a Cardiomyocyte to Study the Role of Cellular Architecture in Cardiomyocyte Systems Biology
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Microdosimetric Realistic Model of a Cell with Endoplasmic Reticulum.

A De Angelis, A Denzi, C Merla

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study quantifies microscopic electromagnetic field intensity in cells using a 2D model. It analyzes electric fields and transmembrane potential from nanosecond pulsed electric fields for cell manipulation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biophysics
    • Cellular Electromagnetics
    • Microdosimetry

    Background:

    • Understanding electromagnetic field (EMF) interactions with cells is vital for biomedical applications.
    • Microdosimetry is essential for correlating external fields with cellular responses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To perform a microdosimetric analysis of a realistic 2D cell model, including the endoplasmic reticulum.
    • To quantify induced electric fields and transmembrane potentials from nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs).

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a 2D realistic cell model with endoplasmic reticulum.
    • Simulated the effects of a high-amplitude, 10-ns pulsed electric field.
    • Quantified electric field intensity and transmembrane potential.

    Main Results:

    • Determined microdosimetric parameters for the cell and endoplasmic reticulum.
    • Evaluated electroporation effects, including local membrane sites and pore densities.
    • Established a relationship between applied nsPEFs and cellular responses.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides crucial microdosimetric data for nsPEF applications.
    • Numerical simulations can guide experimental bio-manipulation of cells and organelles.
    • This research supports the development of controlled cellular and subcellular manipulation techniques.