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Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment
Published on: July 22, 2022
Non-Contact Capacitive Ballistocardiogram Measurements Using In-Bed Fabric-Sheet Electrode for Blood Pressure
Abstract:
We recently reported the possibility of the simultaneous measurement of capacitive electrocardiogram (cEGC) and capacitive ballistocardiogram (cBCG) using non-contact capacitive coupling systems in bed. However, the relations of the two measurements with blood pressure (BP) have not been elucidated and cBCG measurements were unstable. Therefore, in this study, electrodes and systems for cEGC measurements were excluded, concerning the potential influence of interference. Electrode size was changed to stabilize cBCG measurements. The Valsalva test (VT) was performed on five subjects, and the correlations with BP were determined. A synchronous averaging process was performed to confirm waveform similarity to the ballistocardiogram (BCG) and its reproducibility. We examined the relation between pulse beat arrival time (PBAT) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and PBAT and pulse arrival time (PAT) after 10 s of VT termination and observed a high negative correlation with SBP and a high positive correlation with PAT in three subjects. cBCG contains components that are strongly related to BP. In future, we will conduct simultaneous measurements with cECG and improve the electrode to simultaneously measure cBCG at two points at constant intervals to avoid shifting of PBAT time axis.
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Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure
This invasive approach involves cannulating a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure generates mechanical motion within the catheter, transmitted through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer. This transducer converts mechanical motion into electrical signals displayed as waveforms on a monitor. An automatic flushing system prevents blood backflow. Due to the potential risk of unexpected arterial blood loss, this method is primarily used in intensive...
Special considerations while measuring blood pressure
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.
Measurement of Blood Pressure
Sites for measruring blood pressure
The Brachial Artery: Primary Site for Blood Pressure Measurement
Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)
Assessing Blood pressure using a doppler ultrasound
Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Doppler Ultrasound Blood Pressure Assessment:
Preparation of Equipment:

