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Related Concept Videos

Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

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Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
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A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
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Image-Free Technique for Flow Mediated Dilation Using ARTSENS® Pen.

Jayaraj Joseph, Dinu S Chandran, Raj V Kiran

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |January 18, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study shows ARTSENS®, an image-free ultrasound technology, can accurately measure brachial artery diameter and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in real-time. This offers a reliable, automated solution for assessing endothelial dysfunction, speeding up large population studies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Vascular Ultrasound Technology
    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) assesses endothelial dysfunction using B-mode ultrasound, often requiring offline analysis of DICOM or video files.
    • Image quality issues in conventional FMD can lead to unreliable diameter estimates and rejected examinations.
    • ARTSENS® is an established image-free ultrasound technology for arterial wall dynamics and stiffness measurement.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the feasibility of using ARTSENS® for continuous, real-time brachial artery diameter measurement and FMD assessment.
    • To compare the performance of ARTSENS® against a conventional B-mode imaging system for FMD analysis.
    • To determine the accuracy and repeatability of ARTSENS® in measuring brachial artery diameter and FMD.

    Main Methods:

    • An in-vivo pilot study involving 5 subjects was conducted to assess ARTSENS® performance.
    • Brachial artery diameter and FMD were measured in real-time using ARTSENS®.
    • Measurements were compared against a validated offline FMD analysis tool using a B-mode imaging system.

    Main Results:

    • ARTSENS® demonstrated consistent brachial artery diameter and FMD measurements compared to literature values.
    • Beat-to-beat repeatability of baseline diameter measurements showed a coefficient of variation (CoV) < 4%.
    • Significant correlation (r-square = 0.81, p < 0.05) was observed between ARTSENS® and B-mode measurements, with RMSE of 0.32 mm for diameter and 0.63% for FMD%.

    Conclusions:

    • The ARTSENS® technology is suitable for reliable FMD measurements and endothelial dysfunction assessment.
    • This image-free approach enables real-time, automated FMD measurement, potentially field-deployable.
    • ARTSENS® can accelerate large-scale population studies focused on vascular health and endothelial function.