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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

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Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
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Antisocial Personality Disorder01:24

Antisocial Personality Disorder

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Antisocial personality disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized by persistent patterns of disregard for the rights and well-being of others. Individuals with antisocial personality disorder exhibit behaviors that include deceitfulness, impulsivity, irresponsibility, aggression, and a profound lack of empathy. These traits often manifest early in life and persist into adulthood, leading to significant personal, social, and legal consequences.
Behavioral Characteristics and...
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Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Autism spectrum disorder.

Catherine Lord1, Traolach S Brugha2, Tony Charman3

  • 1Departments of Psychiatry and School of Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. clord@mednet.ucla.edu.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|January 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves social communication impairments and repetitive behaviors. While psychosocial interventions show promise, more research is needed for long-term needs and improved quality of life.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors, with a global prevalence nearing 1%.
  • While not defined by gross brain pathology, subtle neuroanatomical and functional differences are noted in ASD.
  • Genetic research has identified heterogeneous groups rather than specific autism subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of autism spectrum disorder, including its characteristics, prevalence, and underlying biological observations.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of current psychosocial interventions for children with ASD.
  • To highlight the need for further research into long-term needs, effective treatments, and the perspectives of autistic individuals and their families.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on autism spectrum disorder.
  • Analysis of findings from post-mortem, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological studies.
  • Examination of outcomes from psychosocial interventions in children with ASD.

Main Results:

  • Psychosocial interventions can enhance specific behaviors like joint attention, language, and social engagement in children with ASD.
  • Genetic findings have largely applied to heterogeneous groups, not specific autism subtypes.
  • Subtle anatomical and functional brain differences are observed in individuals with ASD.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is essential to address the long-term needs of individuals with ASD and to develop treatments that improve independence and quality of life.
  • The perspectives of autistic individuals and their families are crucial for guiding research and clinical practice.
  • Current interventions can improve specific behaviors, potentially impacting developmental trajectories and reducing symptom severity.