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T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 30, 2025

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction

Published on: January 22, 2020

HDAC10 deletion promotes Foxp3⁺ T-regulatory cell function.

Satinder Dahiya¹, Ulf H Beier², Liqing Wang¹

¹Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Disease, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Scientific Reports

|January 18, 2020

Summary

Targeting histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) enhances regulatory T-cell (Treg) function, offering potential for treating inflammatory diseases like colitis and improving transplant tolerance.

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Last Updated: Dec 30, 2025

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In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

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Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Transplantation Science

Background:

Foxp3+ T-regulatory (Treg) cells are crucial for immune suppression.
Lysine acetylation regulates Foxp3 stability and activity, making histone/protein deacetylases (HDACs) important targets for immunotherapy.
Understanding the specific roles of individual HDACs in Treg function is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of HDAC10 in murine Treg function.
To assess the therapeutic potential of HDAC10 deletion in Treg-based immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

Generated and analyzed HDAC10 knockout (HDAC10-/-) mice and their Tregs.
Assessed Treg suppressive function in vitro and in vivo using models of colitis and cardiac transplantation.

Main Results:

HDAC10 deletion did not affect overall health or other T-cell populations.
HDAC10-/- Tregs demonstrated enhanced suppressive capacity in vitro and in vivo.
Adoptive transfer of HDAC10-/- Tregs protected against colitis development.
HDAC10-/- Tregs promoted long-term survival of MHC-mismatched cardiac allografts.

Conclusions:

HDAC10 plays a critical role in regulating Treg suppressive function.
Targeting HDAC10 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory conditions and transplantation.