Fecundity in fat-tailed sheep at two different altitudes in East Java

Area of Science:

• Reproductive biology
• Animal science
• Environmental physiology

Background:

• Reproductive performance in livestock is crucial for agricultural productivity.
• Environmental factors, such as altitude and temperature, can significantly influence animal physiology and reproductive success.
• Understanding these influences is key to optimizing breeding strategies in sheep.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effects of different altitudes on ovulation rates, embryonic mortality, and litter sizes in East Java fat-tailed sheep.
• To determine the relationship between environmental conditions and reproductive parameters in this specific sheep breed.
• To identify optimal conditions for enhancing sheep reproductive efficiency.

Main Methods:

• Comparative study of East Java fat-tailed sheep at two altitudes (Pujon, 1,300 m; Malang, 500 m) over one year.
• Analysis of ovulation rates, embryonic mortality, and litter sizes at birth.
• Utilized abattoir data to assess fetal numbers and survival rates at 45-60 days post-mating.

Main Results:

• Average litter size was significantly higher in Pujon (2.37) compared to Malang (1.60).
• Larger litters (three or more) were predominantly observed in Pujon during specific months (November-February).
• High embryonic mortality was noted in ewes with only one live fetus, while higher ovulation rates were associated with multiple fetuses.

Conclusions:

• Higher altitude and cooler temperatures in Pujon appear to positively influence ovulation and embryonic survival rates.
• Environmental conditions, particularly temperature and altitude, play a critical role in the reproductive success of East Java fat-tailed sheep.
• Breeding strategies should consider these environmental influences to maximize litter size and minimize embryonic loss.