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Digital PCR for Quantifying Circulating MicroRNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Disease
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Aberrant DNA methylation and miRNAs in coronary artery diseases and stroke: a systematic review

Anu Radha Sharma, Umakanth Shashikiran, Abdul Razak Uk

    Briefings in Functional Genomics
    |January 18, 2020
    PubMed

    Insights

    Epigenetic factors like DNA methylation and microRNA (miRNA) expression significantly influence cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke. Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms is crucial for disease predisposition and treatment.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Epigenetics
    • Molecular Biology
    • Genomics

    Background:

    • Coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke are leading causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
    • Epigenetic factors, particularly DNA methylation and microRNA (miRNA) expression, play a critical role in CVD development and progression.
    • Understanding these epigenetic modifications is essential for identifying new therapeutic targets.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically review and synthesize current knowledge on the roles of DNA methylation and miRNAs in CAD and stroke.
    • To highlight key epigenetic alterations and their associated biological pathways in these cardiovascular conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases.
    • Systematic review of studies investigating DNA methylation and miRNA in CAD and stroke.
    • Network analysis using ClueGO software and miRTargetLink database for pathway and gene interaction analysis.

    Main Results:

    • 32 studies on DNA methylation in CAD and stroke revealed alterations in global, genome-wide, and candidate loci methylation.
    • Network analysis indicated that DNA methylation influences nitric oxide biosynthesis, homocysteine metabolism, and lipid storage.
    • 83 studies identified 155 miRNAs associated with CAD and stroke, with specific miRNAs like mir-223 linked to cerebral infarction; common miRNAs targeted SP3 and SP1 genes.

    Conclusions:

    • Abnormal DNA methylation and miRNA expression are significantly implicated in the etiology and progression of CAD and stroke.
    • Epigenetic dysregulation represents a key area for future research and potential therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular diseases.
    • Further investigation into specific epigenetic mechanisms and their targets can lead to improved diagnostics and treatments for CAD and stroke.

    Keywords:
    DNA methylationcoronary artery diseasemiRNAstroke

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