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Related Concept Videos

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:29

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

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Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists are agents that interact with the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the synaptic cleft, preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine into choline and acetate. Consequently, the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft increases. These agonists can be classified into reversible and irreversible inhibitors based on their duration of action.
Reversible inhibitors display short to medium durations of action. Short-acting agents include simple alcohols with...
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Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:11

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Direct-acting cholinergic agonists have many therapeutic uses in various medical fields. Choline esters, including acetylcholine, have limited clinical utility due to their non-selectivity and short duration of action. Still, acetylcholine and carbachol are applied topically during ophthalmologic surgery to induce miosis. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic and ganglionic stimulator, effectively treats open-angle glaucoma and alleviates xerostomia and dry mouth caused by radiotherapy or Sjögren...
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Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Mechanism of Action01:18

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Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists work by interacting with an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the synaptic cleft. They can be reversible or irreversible inhibitors and have different effects on the enzyme.
Reversible inhibitors like edrophonium bind to a specific part of the enzyme called the anionic catalytic site. They form noncovalent bonds, which means they are not strongly attached to the enzyme. This creates a temporary and less stable enzyme–inhibitor complex,...
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Chemical Agents for Microbial Control01:27

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Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
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Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

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Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
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Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:22

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Cholinergic agonists or cholinomimetics mimic the action of acetylcholine to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. They are categorized into direct-acting and indirect-acting agents. The direct-acting cholinergic drugs induce the parasympathetic response by directly binding to the muscarinic or nicotine receptors. In comparison, the indirect-acting cholinergic drugs prevent acetylcholine hydrolysis, indirectly contributing to the extended parasympathetic response.
The direct-acting...
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Herbicidal Ionic Liquids Containing the Acetylcholine Cation.

Daria Czuryszkiewicz1, Adam Maćkowiak1, Katarzyna Marcinkowska2

  • 1Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan, 60-965, Poland.

Chempluschem
|January 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) using acetylcholine, a natural compound. These acetylcholine HILs demonstrated superior weed control against oilseed rape compared to commercial herbicides, offering an eco-friendly solution.

Keywords:
acetylcholinebiodegradabilityherbicidesionic liquidsplant protection

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Chemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) offer potential for targeted weed management.
  • Developing environmentally benign and effective herbicides is a significant agricultural challenge.
  • Acetylcholine, a naturally occurring compound, has not been extensively explored as a base for HILs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) utilizing acetylcholine as the cation.
  • To evaluate the herbicidal efficacy of synthesized acetylcholine HILs against oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.).
  • To assess the environmental profile, specifically biodegradability, of the novel HILs.

Main Methods:

  • Ion exchange reactions between acetylcholine chloride and potassium/sodium salts of herbicidal acids.
  • Herbicidal activity assays using oilseed rape as the target weed species.
  • Surface activity and wetting property measurements (surface tension, contact angle).
  • Biodegradability testing following OECD 301F guidelines.

Main Results:

  • High yields of acetylcholine-based HILs were achieved through ion exchange.
  • Synthesized HILs exhibited superior herbicidal activity against oilseed rape compared to commercial standards.
  • Enhanced surface activity and wetting properties of HILs facilitated better plant tissue penetration.
  • OECD 301F tests confirmed high mineralization, indicating good biodegradability of the HILs.

Conclusions:

  • Transforming commercial herbicides into acetylcholine HILs significantly enhances their activity.
  • Acetylcholine HILs present a promising, nature-derived, and biodegradable alternative for effective weed control.
  • This approach offers a sustainable solution for managing weed infestations in agriculture.