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Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

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Dissipation Induced Nonstationarity in a Quantum Gas.

Berislav Buča¹, Dieter Jaksch^1,2

¹Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters

|January 18, 2020

Summary

This study reveals that driven two-component Bose-Einstein condensates coupled to optical cavities exhibit instability, even when mean-field theory suggests stability. Dissipation induces squeezing and entanglement, forming a dissipative time crystal.

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Area of Science:

Quantum physics
Condensed matter physics
Atomic, molecular, and optical physics

Background:

Recent observations show nonstationary dynamics in driven two-component Bose-Einstein condensates coupled to optical cavities.
Existing analyses rely on mean-field theory, which may not capture all system behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

To solve the underlying model in the thermodynamic limit and analyze the dynamics of the driven two-component Bose-Einstein condensate system.
To investigate the conditions leading to instability and the role of cavity dissipation.

Main Methods:

Solving the underlying model in the thermodynamic limit.
Utilizing perturbation theory for finite system sizes.
Analyzing higher-order correlation functions.

Main Results:

The system is always dynamically unstable, contrary to mean-field predictions.
Cavity dissipation induces squeezing and entanglement.
The observed dynamics can be interpreted as the formation of a dissipative time crystal.

Conclusions:

Mean-field theory is insufficient for fully describing the dynamics of this system.
Higher-order correlations and cavity dissipation are crucial for understanding the observed nonstationary behavior.
The system exhibits characteristics of a dissipative time crystal.