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Processing gapping: Parallelism and grammatical constraints.

Nayoun Kim1, Katy Carlson2, Mike Dickey3,4

  • 1Department of Linguistics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|January 19, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The parser incrementally builds Gapping structures online, but only when grammatical constraints permit. This finding supports the Incremental Ellipsis Hypothesis over the Ellipsis as a Last Resort Hypothesis in sentence processing.

Keywords:
Gappingcoordinationellipsisgrammatical constraintparallelism

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Syntactic Processing

Background:

  • Gapping is a syntactic phenomenon involving ellipsis in coordinated structures.
  • Two competing hypotheses exist regarding the online processing of Gapping: Incremental Ellipsis and Ellipsis as a Last Resort.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the online processing of Gapping.
  • To determine whether ellipsis sites are inserted incrementally or as a late option.
  • To examine the role of grammatical and extra-grammatical constraints on Gapping.

Main Methods:

  • Two offline acceptability rating experiments.
  • A sentence fragment completion experiment.
  • An eye-tracking while reading experiment.

Main Results:

  • The parser inserts ellipsis sites incrementally, but only when grammatical and extra-grammatical constraints allow.
  • The distribution of Gapping is influenced by both grammatical rules (e.g., Coordination Constraint) and extra-grammatical factors.
  • A general preference for maximal parallelism between conjuncts in coordination structures facilitates incremental Gapping.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the Incremental Ellipsis Hypothesis.
  • Online sentence processing of Gapping is constrained and incremental.
  • Parser preferences for parallelism and grammatical restrictions shape Gapping interpretation.