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Older autistic men diagnosed later in life report more executive functioning (EF) challenges than their peers. This subjective experience is key to understanding and supporting daily life EF difficulties in this population.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Executive functioning (EF) is vulnerable to age-related cognitive decline.
  • Autism spectrum condition (ASC) can present unique challenges in later life, especially with late-life diagnoses.
  • Understanding EF in aging autistic populations is crucial for targeted support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare executive functioning in older males with and without autism spectrum condition.
  • To investigate subjective versus objective measures of EF in this demographic.
  • To identify underlying factors contributing to reported EF challenges in late-diagnosed autistic men.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-method assessment of EF across cognitive flexibility, planning, processing speed, and working memory.
  • Inclusion of 50 males (60-85 years) with late adulthood ASC diagnosis and 51 non-ASC males (60-83 years).
  • Utilized objective cognitive tests alongside self- and proxy-report measures (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version).

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found in objective cognitive performance on EF tasks between the two groups.
  • Autistic males and their proxies reported significantly more EF challenges on subjective measures compared to non-ASC males.
  • Subjective reports of EF difficulties were more pronounced in the late-diagnosed autistic group.

Conclusions:

  • Subjective reports of executive functioning challenges are elevated in older autistic men, despite objective performance parity.
  • Understanding the basis of these subjective EF problems is essential for developing effective support strategies for daily life.
  • This highlights the importance of considering self- and proxy-reported data in assessing EF in aging autistic individuals.