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Not all predators are equal: miticide non-target effects and differential selectivity.

Paul E Bergeron^1,2, Rebecca A Schmidt-Jeffris²

¹Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.

Pest Management Science

|January 20, 2020

Summary

Miticides vary in their impact on predatory mites, with some selective products still harming natural enemies. Understanding species-specific susceptibility is crucial for effective biological control in agriculture.

Keywords:

Neoseiulus californicus Neoseiulus fallacis Phytoseiulus persimilis Tetranychus urticae integrated mite management pesticide selectivity

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Entomology
Pest Management
Biological Control

Background:

Biological control integrates chemical and conservation tactics in agroecosystems.
Pesticide non-target effects on natural enemies, like predatory mites (Phytoseiidae), are critical for integrated pest management.
Species-specific susceptibility to miticides necessitates detailed examination, even for newer selective products.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the lethal and sublethal effects of ten miticides on the spider mite pest (Tetranychus urticae).
To evaluate the impact of these miticides on three common predatory mite species: Phytoseiulus persimilis, Neoseiulus californicus, and Neoseiulus fallacis.
To compare the susceptibility of field-collected versus insectary-reared P. persimilis populations to miticides.

Main Methods:

Bioassays were conducted to determine lethal (mortality) and sublethal (fecundity, egg hatch, larval survival) effects.
Ten different miticides were tested against the spider mite and three predatory mite species.
A metric was developed to assess cumulative impacts on predator larvae, considering both miticide efficacy and selectivity.

Main Results:

Bifenthrin exhibited the least selectivity, being toxic to all predators with minimal efficacy against the target pest.
Hexythiazox and cyflumetofen demonstrated the most favorable selectivity profiles.
Phytoseiulus persimilis populations showed similar sensitivities to miticides, though insectary-reared mites were generally more susceptible.

Conclusions:

Even selective miticides (e.g., cyflumetofen, bifenazate, acequinocyl) exhibited non-target effects on at least one predatory mite species.
Significant variability in miticide selectivity exists among different predatory mite species.
Individual assessment of key natural enemies is essential for developing effective biological control and integrated pest management programs.