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Blood pressure trajectory modeling in childhood: birth-cohort study

Jung Won Lee¹, Nameun Kim², Bohyun Park²

¹1Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Ganseo-gu, Seoul, 07804 South Korea.

Clinical Hypertension

|January 21, 2020

Insights

Blood pressure tends to increase with age in children. This study identified distinct blood pressure trajectories from age 3 to 10, aiding in early hypertension risk identification.

Area of Science:

Pediatrics
Cardiovascular Health
Developmental Biology

Background:

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increase with age, body weight, and height.
High blood pressure in childhood is a predictor of adult hypertension (HTN).
Monitoring BP trajectories in children is crucial for early detection and prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

To monitor and analyze blood pressure (BP) trajectory tendencies in children aged 3 to 10 years.
To identify distinct BP patterns during early childhood development.
To inform strategies for hypertension prevention in adulthood.

Main Methods:

Analysis of data from 65 children with complete repeated measures over 6 follow-ups (ages 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10) from the Ewha Birth and Growth cohort study.
Collection of retrospective anthropometric and BP data.
Construction of trajectory models for SBP and DBP.

Main Results:

Three distinct SBP trajectories were identified: stable moderate levels (82.7%), rapid increase (13.7%), and consistently high levels (3.6%).
Three distinct DBP trajectories were identified: gradual increase from low levels (6.7%), steep increase at age 7 from moderate levels (61.7%), and rapid increase (31.6%).
Results indicate a general tendency for BP to increase with age during childhood.

Conclusions:

Childhood BP trajectories show distinct patterns that vary with age.
Trajectory modeling can help identify children at risk for developing hypertension.
Early identification of risk groups and factors is essential for adult hypertension prevention.

Read full analysis

Abstract

Background:

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) tends to increase with age and increase in proportion to body weight and height. Recent epidemiological and longitudinal cohort studies have found that high BP in children can be progressed into hypertension (HTN) in adulthood. Therefore, the aim of this study is that we monitor and analyze the tendency of the BP trajectory in children from the age of 3 years to the age of 10 years.

Method:

A total of 767 subjects were gathered from Ewha Birth and Growth cohort study. We observed and analyzed the data of 65 subjects which were completely repeated measures for 6 times as 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 years old follow-up. We collected retrospective information such as BP and anthropometric data measured for children and constructed the trajectory models of SBP and DBP in early stage of life.

Results:

Three distinct trajectories on SBP and DBP from 3 to 10 years old were identified. As a result of SBP, 82.7% (n = 54) of subjects experienced moderate SBP levels maintained stable levels; 13.7% (n = 9) of subjects experienced a rapid increase as the age increase; 3.6% (n = 2) of subjects experienced high SBP levels throughout follow-up as moderate grade. For DBP, 6.7% (n = 4) of subjects started with low levels and experienced generally a gradual grade; 61.7% (n = 41) of subjects started with moderate levels and experienced a steep increase at 7-years-old; 31.6% (n = 20) of subjects experienced a rapid increase on DBP levels.

Conclusion:

The result of study shows tendency of increase BP as the age increase. This research inspires that we verify risk group and risk factor in early stage of life with trajectory modeling for the HTN prevention in adulthood.

Keywords:

Blood pressure Children Trajectory

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