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Ionic Bonds

Ionic Bonds

Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...

Batteries and Fuel Cells

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...

Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Lithium-Ion Battery Separators for Ionic-Liquid Electrolytes: A Review.

Candice F J Francis^1,2,3, Ilias L Kyratzis³, Adam S Best³

¹PMB Defence Engineering, PO Box 1120, North Haven, South Australia, 5018, Australia.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|January 21, 2020

Summary

Ionic liquids offer safer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries but require compatible separators. Developing these separators is key to unlocking the potential of ionic liquid electrolytes.

Keywords:

ionic-liquid electrolytes lithium lithium-ion batteries separators

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Ionic liquids (ILs) are explored as safer alternatives to conventional electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries due to their enhanced thermal stability.
However, IL electrolytes exhibit poor wetting with commercial battery separators, hindering efficient ion transport and increasing internal resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

This review examines existing and novel separators for their compatibility with ionic liquid electrolytes.
The goal is to identify critical characteristics for developing effective separators for IL-based lithium-ion batteries.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive review of separators, considering various polymers, additives, processing methods, and ionic liquid electrolyte types.
Analysis of studies correlating separator properties like porosity and ionic conductivity with IL electrolyte performance.

Main Results:

Separator compatibility, not electrode compatibility, is identified as the primary cause of wetting issues in IL-electrolyte cells.
A strong correlation between ionic conductivity and membrane porosity was observed, often outweighing the influence of the specific IL electrolyte.

Conclusions:

The development of a suitable separator for ionic liquid electrolytes remains an ongoing challenge.
Future separators will likely necessitate a combination of high-stability polymers, ceramic additives, and optimized manufacturing processes.