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Membrane rolling induced by bacterial toxins.

Martin Berg Klenow1, Jonas Camillus Jeppesen, Adam Cohen Simonsen

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The B subunits of Shiga and cholera toxins induce membrane patch rolling, a phenomenon offering insights into protein-induced membrane curvature and cellular uptake mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Membrane curvature is crucial for cellular processes, with many proteins inducing spontaneous curvature upon binding.
  • Shiga and cholera toxins, AB5 family members, are known to induce membrane invaginations linked to cellular uptake.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the morphology induced by Shiga toxin B subunit (STxB) and cholera toxin B subunit (CTxB) in planar membrane patches.
  • To experimentally characterize curvature-inducing proteins using membrane patches as a novel model system.

Main Methods:

  • Studying the morphology induced in planar membrane patches by STxB and CTxB.
  • Characterizing the branched roll morphology and quantifying rolling dynamics.
  • Estimating spontaneous curvature based on roll topography and comparing with theoretical models.

Main Results:

  • STxB and CTxB were shown to induce roll-up of cell-sized membrane patches starting from free edges within seconds.
  • Experimental estimates for toxin spontaneous curvature agreed with previous molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Rolling dynamics demonstrated agreement with a theoretical model incorporating viscous drag and adhesion.

Conclusions:

  • Membrane rolling is induced by STxB and CTxB, providing experimental estimates of their spontaneous curvature.
  • The findings suggest membrane rolling may be a general phenomenon for proteins inducing negative membrane curvature at free edges.
  • This study establishes membrane patches as a valuable system for studying curvature-inducing proteins.