A pitfall of using the circular-edge technique with image averaging for spatial resolution measurement in iteratively...

The circular-edge technique using a low-contrast cylindrical object is commonly used to measure the modulation transfer functions (MTFs) in computed tomography (CT) images reconstructed with iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms. This method generally entails averaging multiple images of the cylinder to reduce the image noise. We suspected that the cylinder edge shape depicted in the IR images might exhibit slight deformation with respect to the true shape because of the intrinsic nonlinearity of IR algorithms. Image averaging can reduce the image noise, but does not effectively improve the deformation of the edge shape; thereby causing errors in the MTF measurements. We address this issue and propose a method to correct the MTF. We scanned a phantom including cylindrical objects with a CT scanner (Ingenuity Elite, Philips Healthcare). We obtained cylinder images with iterative model reconstruction (IMR) algorithms. The images suggested that the depicted edge shape deforms and fluctuates depending on slice positions. Because of this deformation, image averaging can potentially cause additional blurring. We define the deformation function D that describes the additional blurring, and obtain D by analyzing multiple images. The MTF measured by the circular-edge method (referred to as MTF') can be thought of as the multiplication of the true MTF by the Fourier transformation (FT) of D. We thus obtain the corrected MTF (MTF_corrected ) by dividing MTF' by the FT of D. We validate our correction method by comparing the calculated images based on the convolution theorem using MTF' and MTF_corrected with the actual images obtained with the scanner. The calculated image using MTF_corrected is more similar to the actual image compared with the image calculated using MTF', particularly in edge regions. We describe a pitfall in MTF measurement using the circular-edge technique with image averaging, and suggest a method to correct it.