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A small-scale MRI scanner and complementary imaging method to visualize and quantify xylem embolism formation.

Marco Meixner1,2, Martina Tomasella3,4, Petra Foerst1

  • 1Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354, Freising, Germany.

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|January 21, 2020
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Summary

Affordable small-scale magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems can effectively visualize plant xylem embolism formation. This low-cost approach enables detailed study of water transport dynamics and cavitation in plants.

Keywords:
NMRcavitationembolismmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)relaxometryvulnerability curvexylem

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Biophysics
  • Imaging Technology

Background:

  • Xylem embolism formation is crucial for plant water transport.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool for visualizing xylem embolism.
  • Existing MRI scanners for intact plants are expensive and rare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of using affordable, small-scale, custom-built low-field MRI scanners for imaging plant xylem embolism.
  • To assess the capability of such systems in detecting cavitation and quantifying water content and T2 relaxation.

Main Methods:

  • A custom-built, low-field MRI scanner with a C-shaped permanent magnet and open imaging gradients was developed.
  • A multi-spin echo (MSE) pulse sequence was employed to enhance signal-to-noise ratio and field homogeneity.
  • The system was tested on Fagus sylvatica undergoing dehydration to visualize embolism formation.

Main Results:

  • High-quality images of water content and T2 relaxation were obtained.
  • The MRI system successfully detected cavitation in xylem vessels, even those smaller than the spatial resolution.
  • Combined imaging maps enhanced the contrast of filled xylem, facilitating visualization.

Conclusions:

  • Small-scale MRI devices, particularly with T2 imaging, offer a straightforward method for visualizing the dynamics of embolism formation.
  • This technology allows for the derivation of plant vulnerability curves.
  • Affordable MRI systems provide a viable alternative for studying plant water transport and drought stress responses.