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Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

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Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

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Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
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Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Medication-induced hyperglycemia: pediatric perspective.

Mustafa Tosur1, Johanna Viau-Colindres2, Marcela Astudillo2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA mustafa.tosur@bcm.edu.

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
|January 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Medication-induced hyperglycemia is a concern in children. This review guides clinicians on preventing, screening, and managing drug-induced hyperglycemia, focusing on pediatric risks and mechanisms.

Keywords:
hyperglycemiamedicationspancreatic diabetespediatrics

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Medication-induced hyperglycemia is a common clinical issue in pediatric patients.
  • Pediatric-specific data on drug-induced hyperglycemia are limited compared to adult data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review medications causing hyperglycemia in children.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of action for drug-induced hyperglycemia.
  • To guide clinicians in prevention, screening, and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of PubMed and Cochrane databases.
  • Inclusion of studies from inception to July 2019.
  • Analysis of pharmacotherapies associated with hyperglycemia in pediatric populations.

Main Results:

  • Several medications, including glucocorticoids, L-asparaginase, and tacrolimus, are strongly linked to pediatric hyperglycemia.
  • Mechanisms involve beta-cell destruction, impaired insulin secretion/sensitivity, and increased glucose production.
  • Patient factors like obesity and family history of diabetes exacerbate risk.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of at-risk pediatric patients is crucial.
  • Implementing risk reduction strategies and prompt treatment can improve outcomes.
  • Further pediatric-specific research is needed to refine management protocols.